Editing Trieste (section)

== Urban Planning and Places of Interest ==

The oldest core, or "old city," of limited size (dating from Roman times to the early 18th century), is located on the hill of San Giusto; adjacent, to the north, is the Theresian expansion (developed between the late 18th and mid-19th centuries, with a regular network of streets), followed by new expansions in various directions, until the great, rapid building development of the 20th century.

Among the oldest monuments, noteworthy are the remains of the Basilica Forense and the Capitoline Temple (1st-2nd century AD) on the top of the hill, and, on the slopes, the contemporary theater and the so-called Arch of Richard (built in 33 BC). Also on the hill is the Cathedral of San Giusto, a 14th-century union of two basilica churches, with a large Gothic rose window and 12th-century Venetian-style mosaics. Also nearby are the Castle (1470-1630) and the Civic Museum of the Castle, which houses period furnishings and a collection of ancient weapons. Not far away is the Museum of History and Art, which displays archaeological material and 274 drawings by Giambattista Tiepolo.

Further down lies Piazza dell'Unità d'Italia, which overlooks the Palazzo Comunale (built in 1875). It opened in the 19th century towards the port, flanked by the ‘rive', avenues from which, among other things, the Audace pier (which has become a classic promenade for the people of Trieste) branches off. The destroyer ''Audace'', from which it took its name, was the first to dock here on 3 November 1918. Nearby begins the Borgo Teresiano, or ‘new city', which reaches as far as Via Carducci, where there are predominantly 19th-century buildings, including [[Neoclassicism (art)|neoclassical]], Palazzo Carciotti by Matteo Pertsch (built between 1802 and 1805) and the church of Sant'Antonio Nuovo (1827-1842), aligned with the Grand Canal; On Viale XX Settembre, east of Via Carducci, stands the Eden Theatre, a 1906 Art Nouveau building by Giuseppe Sommaruga.

Among Trieste's numerous museums, noteworthy are the Revoltella Civic Museum, with its 19th-century furnishings and the Gallery of Modern Art; the Sartorio Civic Museum, housed in a neoclassical villa, which houses a collection of 15th-19th century ceramics; the Maritime Museum, with sections on shipbuilding and fishing; the National Museum of Ancient Art, with paintings from the 15th-19th centuries; the Risorgimento Museum, housed in the Guglielmo Oberdan Memorial building, near the site where the martyr was hanged by the Austrians in 1882; and the Resistance Museum, housed in the San Sabba rice mill, which was a Nazi concentration and extermination camp.

To the north of the city stands the large Victory Lighthouse, built in 1927, with a high lookout point overlooking the sea. On the karst plateau above, the Grotta Gigante is a significant cave whose single chamber is 115 meters high. Finally, Viale Miramare leads (8 km northwest) to the famous Miramare Castle, built for Archduke Maximilian I of Habsburg and his ill-fated wife Charlotte between 1855 and 1860 on a promontory and surrounded by an Italian garden. It is a remarkable and rich environmental museum.